Parts of Speech
أقسام الكلام
كما في كل اللغات، تتألف اللغة الانجليزية من كلمات. و هذه الكلمات بدروها تنقسم الى 8 أقسام تدعى أقسام الكلام او Parts of speech.
اولا:الاسماء Nouns
Nouns are names of persons, places, objects and ideas
الاسماء هي ما نسمي او ندعو به كل شيء حولنا من اشخاص او حيوانات او اشياء او افكار
persons: student, Walid, mother
animals: cat, frog, horse
places: library, street, Egypt
things: desk, table, chair
ideas: friendship, love, honesty
ثانيا: Pronouns
Pronouns are words that replace a noun. Like thenoun they replace, they can refer to a person, object, or idea
هي الضمائر و التي تحل عادة محل الاسماء في الجملة و ممكن ان تدل مثل الاسماء على اشخاص او اشياء او حيوانات الخ...
person: I, you, he, she, we, they
thing/idea: this, that, these, those
ثالثا: Verbs
Verbs are words that express action. They alsoindicate when the action takes place through the tense used
الافعال و هي ما نقوم به من أعمال و الافعال لها صيغ و اشكال مختلفة
examples: bark, read, write, talk, play, decide
رابعا: Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe a noun or a pronoun. An adjective could define the number, color, state, or kind of a noun or pronoun
الصفات هي الكلمات التي تصف الاسماء او الضمائر و هي تعبر عن اللون او العدد او الحالة او النوع الخ..
Number: five, ten , thirty
Color: green, red, brown
State: old, tidy, respectable
Kind: Italian, comical
تأتي الصفات عادة في اللغة الانجليزية قبل الاسماء
مثلا: red rose, hot tea, beautiful girl
و لكنها ممكن ان تأتي بعض الافعال مثل verb be مثلا:
she is beautiful
He is smart
We are happy
او بعد الافعال التي تعبر عن الحالات او كيف تبدو الاشياء linking verbs
The food tastes good
The perfume smells nice
He looks sad
خامسا: Adverbs
Adverbs are words that describe a verb giving additional information about when, where, or how the action occurred
هي كلمات تصف الافعال و تعطي معلومات اضافية عن متى و اين و كيف حدث الفعل
When: yearly, often, yesterday, always, usually
Where: away, down, outside, up
How: loudly, correctly, fast, slowly
سادسا: Prepositions
Prepositions are words used with nouns or pronouns to connect them with other verbs in the sentence
احرف الجر هي كلمات تستعمل مع الاسماء او الضمائر و تربطهم مع باقي اجزاء الجملة
Examples: in, on, at, from, above, behind, through, across
ملاحظة هامة: بعض احرف الجر قد تأتي adverbs في بعض الجمل. حتى تعرف اذا كانت الكلمة حرف جر او adverb نظر الى الكلمة التي بعدها. اذا كانت الكلمة اسم او ضمير عندها تكون الكلمة حرف جر اما اذا كانت غير هذا ان ان الجملة انتهت عند الكلمة المحيرة عندها تكون adverb
we went around the field
around نا هي حرف جر لأنه جاء بدها اسم the field
اما اذا كانت الجملة we went around
فهنا around هي adverb لأنها في آخر الجملة
سابعا: Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that connectwords, phrases or clauses. A conjunction may be a coordinating, subordinating ora correlative conjunction
هي كلمات تقوم بربط الجمل او اجزا من الجمل ببعضها لتعطي معنى اوضح و افضل
Coordinating conjunction: and, or, but, for, so, yet, nor
subordinating conjunction: when, where, after, eventhough, because, which, whose, however
correlative conjunction, not only...but also, neither,,,nor, either....or
ثامنا: Interjunctions
An interjection is an unusual kind of word, because it often stands alone. Interjections are words which express emotion or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation marks.
هي عبارة عن كلمات تعبر فقط عن شعور قوي او مفاجأة و عادة يكون بعدها علامة تعجب !
Examples:
Ouch!, Hello!, Hurray!, Oh no!, Ha!
تاسعا: Articles
An article is used to introduce a noun
عادة تستعمل قبل الاسم
Examples:
the, a, an
examples
The old lady was crossing the street
the = article
old = adjective
lady = noun
was = helping verb
crossing = main verb
the = article
street = noun
Ykies! I'm late for class
Yikes = interjunction
I = pronoun
m or am = verb
late = adjective
for = preposition
class = noun
The clown chased a dog around the ring and then fell on her face
the = article
clown = noun
chased = verb
a = article
dog = noun
around = preposition
the = article
ring = noun
and = conjunction
then = adverb
fell = verb
on = preposition
her = pronoun
face = noun
Label the parts of speech of the following sentences
That suitcase is hers
Everyone in the room cheered when the announcement was made
Dust covered every surface in the bedroom
This old chair is comfortable, and I am sleepy
We have read several funny stories recently
